The vertical structure of Jupiter's equatorial and tropical regions

The equatorial and tropical regions of Jupiter are presently treated in light of an inhomogeneous atmospheric model that encompasses both polarizing aerosols and methane gas, in keeping with Pioneer polarimetry and photometry data as well as the methane band data obtained by West (1979). The relative strengths of weak and strong methane bands are addressed by a two-cloud model with overlying stratospheric haze. For all the regions considered, the best fit for polarization measurements is a negatively polarizing ammonia cloud beneath a positively polarizing haze. Unlike the nearby features, the equatorial region and the Great Red Spot have a negative polarization at 80-deg phase angle, implying less gas above the clouds in these regions

Dynamical theory on low energy electron diffraction Final report

Bethe theory of low energy electron diffraction applied to computation of diffracted beam intensity as function of wavelengt

Laser surface interactions - Creation and detection of atomically clean surfaces Semiannual report, Oct. 1, 1966 - Mar. 31, 1967

Low energy electron diffraction method of identifying atomically clean surface after laser surface interactio

A simulator study of the interaction of pilot workload with errors, vigilance, and decisions

A full mission simulation of a civil air transport scenario that had two levels of workload was used to observe the actions of the crews and the basic aircraft parameters and to record heart rates. The results showed that the number of errors was very variable among crews but the mean increased in the higher workload case. The increase in errors was not related to rise in heart rate but was associated with vigilance times as well as the days since the last flight. The recorded data also made it possible to investigate decision time and decision order. These also varied among crews and seemed related to the ability of captains to manage the resources available to them on the flight deck

Viscous relaxation and collective oscillations in a trapped Fermi gas near the unitarity limit

The viscous relaxation time of a trapped two-component gas of fermions in its normal phase is calculated as a function of temperature and scattering length, with the collision probability being determined by an energy-dependent s-wave cross section. The result is used for calculating the temperature dependence of the frequency and damping of collective modes studied in recent experiments, starting from the kinetic equation for the fermion distribution function with mean-field effects included in the streaming terms.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures; proof version, corrected typo in Eq. (23); accepted for publication in PR

Study made of interaction between sound fields and structural vibrations

Study analyzes structural vibrations and the interactions between them and sound fields. It outlines a conceptual framework to analyze the vibrations of systems and their interactions, incorporating the results of earlier studies and establishing a unified basis for continuing research

Using parallel computation to improve Independent Metropolis--Hastings based estimation

In this paper, we consider the implications of the fact that parallel raw-power can be exploited by a generic Metropolis--Hastings algorithm if the proposed values are independent. In particular, we present improvements to the independent Metropolis--Hastings algorithm that significantly decrease the variance of any estimator derived from the MCMC output, for a null computing cost since those improvements are based on a fixed number of target density evaluations. Furthermore, the techniques developed in this paper do not jeopardize the Markovian convergence properties of the algorithm, since they are based on the Rao--Blackwell principles of Gelfand and Smith (1990), already exploited in Casella and Robert (1996), Atchade and Perron (2005) and Douc and Robert (2010). We illustrate those improvements both on a toy normal example and on a classical probit regression model, but stress the fact that they are applicable in any case where the independent Metropolis-Hastings is applicable.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistic

Responses of a bacterial pathogen to phosphorus limitation of its aquatic invertebrate host

Host nutrition is thought to affect the establishment, persistence, and severity of pathogenic infections. Nutrient-deficient foods possibly benefit pathogens by constraining host immune function or benefit hosts by limiting parasite growth and reproduction. However, the effects of poor elemental food quality on a host's susceptibility to infection and disease have received little study. Here we show that the bacterial microparasite Pasteuria ramosa is affected by the elemental nutrition of its aquatic invertebrate host, Daphnia magna. We found that high food carbon : phosphorus (C: P) ratios significantly reduced infection rates of Pasteuria in Daphnia and led to lower within-host pathogen multiplication. In addition, greater virulent effects of bacterial infection on host reproduction were found in Daphnia-consuming P-deficient food. Poor Daphnia elemental nutrition thus reduced the growth and reproduction of its bacterial parasite, Pasteuria. The effects of poor host nutrition on the pathogen were further evidenced by Pasteuria's greater inhibition of reproduction in P-limited Daphnia. Our results provide strong evidence that elemental food quality can significantly influence the incidence and intensity of infectious disease in invertebrate hosts